中华卫生杀虫药械

目的 掌握山东省南水北调流域蚊种及其携带主要蚊媒病毒情况，为当地蚊虫及其蚊媒传染病防控提供理论支撑。方法 2023年10月至2024年10月，选取山东省南水北调流域地区的任城区、微山县、鱼台县和东平县，采用人帐诱法捕捉成蚊并进行形态学鉴定、统计分析。用试剂盒提取蚊虫样本RNA,用双重微滴式数字PCR方法检测样本是否携带流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒、登革病毒、西尼罗病毒。结果 共捕获成蚊16 502只，经形态学鉴定隶属于2亚科6属13种，优势蚊种为淡色库蚊(占34.10%),其次为三带喙库蚊(占30.35%)和白纹伊蚊(占10.55%)。4个区(县)中，任城区捕获的蚊虫数量最多，蚊种最丰富。对采集蚊虫样本共564组开展乙型脑炎病毒、登革热病毒以及西尼罗病毒的检测，11组淡色库蚊和28组三带喙库蚊检出乙脑病毒阳性，阳性率分别为5.88%(11/187)、16.87%(28/166);山东省南水北调流域乙脑病毒总阳性率为6.91%,未检测出登革病毒以及西尼罗病毒。结论 山东省南水北调流域的优势蚊种为淡色库蚊和三带喙库蚊，蚊虫携带一定水平的乙脑病毒，应积极采取措施进行防蚊灭蚊工作。

Objective To understand the distribution of mosquitoes in the South-North Water Diversion basin, Shandong Province, and to examine the transmission of major mosquito-borne virus, so as to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention of vector-borne diseases. Methods Rencheng District, Weishan County, Yutai County and Dongping County were selected for adult mosquito capture using human-trapped trapping methods and human-trapped resting traps from October 2023 to October 2024. Mosquito species identification was conducted through morphological examination, with subsequent quantitative analysis and statistical evaluation. RNA from mosquito samples was extracted using a kit, and a dual-droplet digital PCR method was used to detect whether the samples carried epidemic Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus. Results A total of 16 502 adult mosquitoes were captured, and 13 species of 6 genera and 2 subfamilies were identified morphologically, with Culex pipiens pallens(34.10%) being the predominant species, followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus(30.35%) and Aedes albopictus(10.55%). Among four districts or counties, the largest number and the richest species of mosquitoes were captured in Rencheng District. A total of 564 groups mosquito samples were collected for detecting for Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus, and West Nile virus. 11 groups of Cx. pipiens pallens and 28 groups of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were positive for Japanese encephalitis virus, with the positive rates of 5.88%(11/187) and 16.87%(28/166), respectively.The total positive rate of Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in the South-to-North Water Diversion basin of Shandong Province was 6.91%, and no dengue virus and West Nile virus were detected. Conclusion The dominant mosquito species in the South-to-North Water Diversion basin of Shandong Province are Cx. pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Mosquitoes carry a certain level of Japanese encephalitis virus, measures should be taken actively to prevent and control mosquitoes.