中华卫生杀虫药械

目的了解深圳市病媒生物的种类、密度、种群构成及消长分布规律,为病媒生物防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《全国病媒生物监测方案(试行)》设置监测点,分别采用鼠笼法、诱蚊灯法、笼诱法、粘捕法调查鼠、蚊、蝇、蟑螂的种类和密度。结果鼠类平均密度为3.26%,较2012年平均密度上升1.56%,优势鼠种为褐家鼠,占捕获总数的78.29%;蚊类平均密度为6.30只/(灯·h),较2012年平均密度下降45.22%,优势蚊种为致倦库蚊,占捕获总数的92.74%;蝇类平均密度为6.80只/笼,较2012年平均密度下降45.03%,优势蝇种为大头金蝇,占捕获总数的33.48%;蟑螂平均密度为0.76只/盒,较2012年平均密度上升4.81%,侵害率为8.91%,优势种为德国小蠊,占捕获总数的96.87%。蚊、蝇、蟑螂、鼠密度高峰值分别为5月、6月、7月和9月,鼠类密度全年捕获率均超过2%。结论摸清了深圳市病媒生物的种群密度及季节消长分布等变化规律,为该地区制定科学有效的病媒生物防治策略措施积累基础数据。

Objective To investigate the species of main medical vectors and their seasonal fluctuation in Shenzhen City of China,and provide a scientific basis for vector control in Shenzhen. Methods Surveillance sites were set according to the "National Plan for the surveillance of Biological vector( Trial) ". The squirrel-cage method,mosquito lamp method,cage trap method,and sticky trap method were employed to determine the species and population densities of rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches. Results The average rodent population density was3. 26%,and increased by 1. 56% compared with the value in 2012; Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 78. 29% of all captured rodents. The average mosquito population density was 6. 30 insects per lamp,decreased by 45. 22% compared with the value in 2012; Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant species,accounting for 92. 74% of all captured mosquitoes. The average fly population density was 6. 80 insects per cage,decreased by45. 03% compared with the value in 2012; Chrysomyia megacephala was the dominant species,accounting for33. 48% of all captured flies. The average cockroach population density was 0. 76 insects per box,increasing by4. 81% compared with the value in 2012,and the infestation rate was 8. 91%; Blattella germanica was the dominant species,accounting for 96. 87% of all captured cockroaches. The population density peaks of mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches,and rodents respectively appeared in May,June,July,September. The rodent capture rate was above 2%in each month throughout the year. Conclusion The general information on common disease vectors in Shenzhen has been gathered,which provides baseline data for the development of effective vector control strategies.